Health Information Ethics And Law †Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theHealth Information Ethics and Law. Answer: Introduction: Trust between patients and doctors considered as a keystone in maintaining proper care within the setting in which patients safety or privacy nowadays gained a substantial space in the healthcare system. In this regard, the common law and statute has included the confidentiality and privacy of health of the patients, which is also supported by medical ethics guidelines. Patients privacy is often considered to be paramount, but in some circumstances the privacy of patients health information could put public health at risk (Fitzroy Legal Service, Inc, 2016). Ethical principles are to be added to the common health standards (Harman, 2006). The purpose of this essay is to focus on the impact of patients health confidentiality on the healthcare system. Discussion In the healthcare system, confidentiality is often refers to the responsibility of professionals, who can access the records of patients or any kind of communication to keep the records in confidence manner. The professional responsibility to keep the patients records in confidence is also supported by Professional Association Codes of Ethics. In this context, it is stated that confidentiality is regarded as the communication between health professionals and patients or between a nurse and other health professionals (UIC, 2016). Health Information Technologies Healthinformationtechnologiespresentincreasedrisktopatientorclienthealthinformationprivacy. Health information technology has changed the healthcare systems through the use of technologies such as electronic medical reports and prescriptions, which has provided more satisfactory and quick service to the patients along with better outcome (Rowe Calnan, 2006). Healthcare information technology is an electronic system plays a significant role of healthcare professionals. The system includes, electronic health records, which allows the professionals to keep a track of all the patients health conditions. The technology focuses to enhance the health results, recovery in patients health, smarter spending and maintaining trust within the patients. A patient might not support the health information system, which influences them to feel that the privacy or confidentiality and the accuracy of digital health information can be a risk. The healthcare systems can suffer if breach occurs in the health information, which would make the healthcare institution to lose its reputation in the domain. Health record refers to the key storage for patients health information based on which professionals can treat the patients according to their medical history (The Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information technology, 2015). Installing the health information technology in healthcare institutes may have privacy concerns due to theft and hackers as well as illegal access to the patients information (Herrick, Gorman Goodman, 2010). In addition to this, further risks may also include inaccurate information of the patients, in case the information recorded manually afterwards. It may also happen in certain circumstances that the healthcare unable to access the electronic health records due to technical errors, wherein the professionals will not have any other sources to acquire patients health information. The electronic health records are often subjected to potential malpractices such as loss and destruction of data or may include false health record during the data entry. In this regard, it is observed that the healthcare professionals largely rely on the electronic health records that may lead to less interaction with the patients or lack of proper communication. On the other hand, the patients also need to have knowledge on their health condition. However, due to lesser communication they might not be provided to necessary information, which can frighten them (The University of Kansas Medical Center, 2016). Concerning the stated issue, it is further evident that the health information manager is responsible for collecting, storing, analysing and distributing the information relating to the health. The managers design and control the information systems through which they collect and produce patients reports. To maintain such responsibilities, the managers utilise their knowledge and skills to monitor diseases in the computer systems. Therefore, it can be affirmed that the health information managers are the key individuals in using the medical reports of the patients, who can maintain the confidentiality of the information with the support of suitable practices for protecting the patients information (Health Information Management Association of Australia Limited, 2016). Personally Controlled Electronic Health Record In practice, Australias proposed Personally Controlled Electronic Health Record (PCEHR) presents challenges for the privacy and confidentiality of patients and clients health information. PCEHR (Personally Controlled Electronic Health Record) was previously known as My Health Record, launched in the year 2012. PCEHR can be defined as the online summary of the patients health information, which was accessible to both patients and professionals (2Commonwealth of Australia, 2016). The electronic health record has become one of the major advancements related to the healthcare services. PCEHR was originally proposed by the government of Australia in order to improve the healthcare systems as a whole. The system states that the electronic healthcare system can be controlled and used by the healthcare professionals as well as the patients, but it include certain unethical approaches such as revealing the patients health information for illegal purposes due to which it started to pose challenge for patients confidentiality or privacy. The protection and preservation of the patients healthcare system is solely depended on the operators. Thus, it can be doubted that the info rmation might be exploited by the authorised person in an unethical way, which indirectly harm the patients as well as the organisation (Begum, Mamun Kaosar, 2013). PCEHR refers to an opportunity for improving the continuity and results of patients health, which also reduces the waste and inefficiency in the healthcare system. The Introduction of PCEHR in Australian healthcare system concentrated on providing safe, national infrastructure in order to sustain electronic health records (Partel, 2015). Taking the reference from the above stated concerns, it is also observed that EPRS (Electronic Patient Record System) is one of the challenges that all the health organisations professionals face in current domain. To mitigate all these concern, the healthcare setting must concentrate on risk management aspect while implementing electronic healthcare records (Meranda, 1995). Confidentiality and privacy of the health information of the patient is the most essential part of the PCEHR. Healthcare system has become the most complicated setting, which makes difficult for the management to control policies relating to access of data. The electronic health record often leads to minimising the workflow and maximising the flexibilities. The operators can also access the information breaching the privacy and confidentiality agreements. Thus, to address this type of risks, it is essential to recognise and examine these challenges relating to the present electronic health information system. This in turn can provide solutions to overcome the problems, to make successful outcome of PECHR in Australia (Yin et al., 2015). Despite the significant investment by the Australian Government in the development of the electronic health record, the proposal has proven to be difficult to implement. The experts confirmed that huge support have observed for continuing the electronic health record method in Australia previously. It is also apparent that the electronic health records remained a serious part of the Australian health structure and still continue to develop the process to enhance the overall outcome. To meet the challenges of the electronic health records, the Australian government allocated 140.6 Australian dollars to support the PCEHR in the budget of 2014-2015 (1Commonwealth of Australia, 2016). Trust in Healthcare System TrustisacriticallyimportantfactorinthemanagementandhandlingofpatientsandclientshealthinformationinAustralia. Trust in healthcare is an essential factor in building relationship between the patients and the healthcare professionals. In previous era, wherein the involvement of technology was comparatively lesser, trust between the healthcare professionals and patients was high. This is largely because of the status of doctors and dedication towards the patients. Prior to implementing technologies in the healthcare system, the professionals believed that trust is the most essential part in order to encounter healthcare problems as well as serving satisfactory service to patients (European Public Health Association, 2016). The patients have the right to know about their health information confidentiality and the process of maintenance. In this context, the question may arise regarding the effectiveness of the confidentiality and the privacy of health information that has been created by the healthcare professionals. It has become the most vital issue specifically in the NSW, IVF, Australia Pty Ltd (Mair, 2008). In this regard, the healthcare information manager is responsible for maintaining trust between the patients and the healthcare system by collecting, aggregating, analysing and maintaining the information regarding their health. The managers are also responsible for representing patients interests with regards to the confidentiality and privacy. The patients trust towards the healthcare professionals in safely keeping the information related to their health information is also ensured by them (Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates, 2016). Conclusion The privacy of healthcare information is essential in the healthcare systems. Confidentiality and privacy of the patient health information help to builds trust between the patients and the healthcare professionals. In this regard, the introduction of advanced technologies in the healthcare system has made it possible to ensure that the records are maintained in proper way and maintain a reliable relation with its patients. This further helps in providing adequate care along with proper medication to the patients by analysing their previous health conditions. The introduction of PCEHR by the Australian government has been able to give detailed summary on the patients health information based on which it is stated that PCEHR has become one of the most used technology for controlling the private and confidential information of the patient as well as for eliminating malpractices of health information. References Begum, M., Mamun, Q. Kaosar, M., 2013, A privacy-preserving framework for personally controlled electronic health record (pcehr) system, Australian eHealth Informatics and Security Conference, pp. 1-10. 1Commonwealth of Australia, 2016, Digital health division, Home, viewed 31 August 2016, https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/eHealth-Division-EHD-1 2Commonwealth of Australia, 2016, My health record, The Department of Health, viewed 31 August 2016, https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/ehealth-record Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates, 2016, Administrative and information managers, Health Care Team, viewed 31 August 2016, https://www.ecfmg.org/echo/team-admin-info-mgmt.html Fitzroy Legal Service, Inc., 2016, Privacy and confidentiality, The Law Handbook 2016, viewed 31 August 2016, https://www.lawhandbook.org.au/09_01_04_privacy_and_confidentiality_/ Harman, L. B., 2006, Ethical challenges in the management of health information, Jones Bartlett Learning, United States of America. Health Information Management Association of Australia Limited, 2016, Representing health information professionals since 1949, HIMAA, viewed 31 August 2016, https://himaa2.org.au/?q=node/96 Herrick, D. M., Gorman, L. Goodman, J. C., 2010, Health information technology: benefits and problems, National Center for Policy Analysis, no. 327, pp. 1-24. Mair, J., 2008, Privacy laws: Who owns information compiled as part of a business?, Health Information Management Journal, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 55-57. Meranda, D., 1995, Administrative and security challenges with electronic patient record systems, Journal of AHIMA/American Health Information Management Association, pp. 5-60. Partel, K., 2003, Toward better implementation: Australias my health record, Deeble Institute Issues Brief, pp. 1-20. Rowe, R. Calnan, M., 2006, Trust relations in health carethe new agenda, The European Journal of Public Health, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 4-6. The Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information technology, 2015, Revised guide to privacy and security of electronic health information, Guide to Privacy and Security of Electronic Health Information, pp.1-62. The University of Kansas Medical Center, 2016, Risks and benefits of electronic health records, Health Information Security Privacy Collaboration (HISPC), viewed 31 August 2016, https://www.kumc.edu/health-informatics/hispc/for-consumerspatients/risks-and-benefits-of-electronic-health-records.html UIC, 2016, Confidentiality, privacy and security of health information: Balancing interests, Home, viewed 31 August 2016, https://healthinformatics.uic.edu/resources/articles/confidentiality-privacy-and-security-of-health-information-balancing-interests/ Yin, X., et al. 2015, Health information science, Springer, United States of America.

Rizal Journey Essay Essay Example

Rizal Journey Essay Paper Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study of Rizal’s Life. Works and Writings Rizal Law and the Teaching of Rizal Course|Republic Act of 1425Or Rizal Law| * Mandates the instruction of the life. plants and Hagiographas of Rizal in all schools in the state. | Jose P. Laurel | * Sponsored the jurisprudence because Rizal was the laminitis of Filipino nationality and the designer of the Filipino state. * Believed that by reading and analyzing Rizal’s life. instructions and Hagiographas. Filipino young person will derive incorruptible assurance. way. bravery and finding. | Aims of Rizal Law ( 1956 ) | * To rededicate the lives of the young person to ideals of freedom and patriotism. * To pay testimonial to our national hero for giving his life and works in determining the Filipino character. * To derive an inspiring beginning of nationalism thru the survey of Rizal’s life. plants and Hagiographas. | †¦Goals by the Board of National Education ( Capino et al. 1997 ) | * To acknowledge the relevancy of Rizal’s ideals. ideas. instructions and life values to present status in the community. * To use Rizal’s thoughts in the solution of daily state of affairss and jobs in modern-day life. * To develop an apprehension and grasp of the qualities. behaviour and character of Rizal. * To further the development of moral character. personal subject. citizenship and vocational efficiency among the Filipino young person. | Rizal. An American Sponsored Hero| We will write a custom essay sample on Rizal Journey Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Rizal Journey Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Rizal Journey Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Constantino ( 1969 ) | * Claims that Rizal was an American-sponsored hero. | Taft Commission of 1901| * Not the Filipino people chose Rizal to go our country’s national hero. | Contenders of the Title of National Hero| * Rizal. Aguinaldo. Bonifacio and Mabini| Act No. 137| * Organized a politico-military territory and named it as the state of Rizal in award of the most celebrated Filipino. | Act No. 243| * Authorized a public subscription for the hard-on of a memorial in award of Rizal at Luneta. | Act No. 345| * Set aside the day of remembrance of Rizal’s decease as a twenty-four hours of observation. | Agoncillo ( 1986 ) | * Rizal was accepted as a national hero to the Americans because he was the symbol of assimilation. which was the American policy so in the Philippines. | Factors harmonizing to Constantino ( 1969 ) that affected Rizal’s acceptableness as official hero of the Philippines| * Rizal was already dead when the Americans began their aggression in t he Philippines. * No embarrassinganti-American citation could of all time be attributed to Rizal. * Rizal’s dramatic martyrdom had already made him the symbol of Spanish subjugation. | Guerrero ( 1998 ) | * Asserts that it is the Filipinos who have chosen Rizal to be the symbol of our patriotism as a people even before he died. * Rizal was the first Filipino. | Guerrero’s Conclusions| * Since the Filipinos love peace. they have chosen to amplify a adult male of peace above the work forces of war. * Because Filipinos are lovers of freedom and justness. they have given their worship to a adult male who gave up all amenitiess and pleasances of the peace for their interest. * Filipinos prize virtue more than triumph and forfeit above success. | Rizal. Pioneer Asiatic Nationalist Leader| De Ocampo ( 1969 ) | * Rizal was the first advocate of Asiatic patriotism since he was the beginning of inspiration for the eruption of the Philippine Revolution of 1896. | Fisher ( 1962 ) | * Called Rizal the Pioneer Exponent of Liberal Democracy in Asia. * Said even before Gandhi and Sun Yat-Sen began their political calling. Rizal had already spoken out with soundness and bravery thoughts on broad democracy by his Hagiographas. * Worth and self-respect of the person. * Inviolability of human rights * Innate equality of all work forces and races * Necessity for constitutional authorities * Due procedure of jurisprudence * Popular sovereignty as footing of all political authorization. * Faith in human ground and enlightenment * Rights of the multitudes to public instruction. * Belief in societal advancement through freedom | Major Periods in the Life of Rizal ( Celedonio. 1982 ) | First Period ( 1861-1872 ) | * Rizal learned how to read. compose and listened to narratives that triggered inventive and critical thought on his portion. * He developed diligence. creativeness. reason and self-respect. | Second Period ( 1872-1882 ) | * First turning point in the life of Rizal. * He was 11 and enrolled in Ateneo Municipal despite his mother’s expostulation. * It was the period when Fathers Gomez. Burgos and Zamora were unjustly executed by the Spanish authorities. * Their martyrdom made Rizal aware of the maltreatments of the government and led him to give himself in the hereafter to revenge unfairnesss and inhuman treatments of the Spanish. * Strengthening of his spiritual foundation. * Cultivation of the thrust toward excellence * Conception of the Philippines as his homeland. *Visualizing the Philippines having light thru instruction. * Percept of the intimate confederation between faith and instruction. | Third Period ( 1882-1892 ) | * Second major turning point in Rizal’s life. * He decided to go forth the Philippines to get away persecution. * He traveled and everyplace he went. he was ever an perceiver and a pupil. larning from everything he saw. read and heard. * He took portion in the Propaganda Movement based in Europe. | Fourth Period ( 1892-1896 ) | * The last turning point of his life before his martyrdom in December 30. 1896. * Rizal was exiled to Dapitan. * He detached his connexions with political relations and devoted more of his clip in practical service and utility to the community. | Chapter 2: The nineteenth Century World of Jose RizalGrowth and Development of Nationalism |Nationalism | * ( Jackson A ; Jackson. 2000 ) A sense of trueness or psychological attachment members of a state portion. based on a common linguistic communication. history. civilization and desire for independency. * It is a feeling that drives a people together as a state. * McKay et Al. 1995 * Has evolved from a existent or imagined cultural integrity. attesting itself in a common linguistic communication. history and district. * Patriots have normally sought to turn this cultural integrity into political world so that the district of each people coincides with its province boundaries. * Patriots believe that every state has the right to be in freedom and develop in character and spirit. * It can take to aggressive campaigns and counter-crusades and can emphasize differences among people. | Rise and Gradual Spread of Liberalism and Democracy| Black. 1999| * The rise and spread of Liberalism and Democracy was really a effect of the growing and development of patriotism. | Liberalism| * Principle thoughts are liberty and equality. * Demanded representative authorities as opposed to bossy monarchy. equality before the jurisprudence as opposed to lawfully separate categories. * Besides meant specific single freedom: freedom of the imperativeness ; freedom of address ; freedom of assembly ; and freedom from arbitrary apprehension. | Democracy| * Was bit by bit established thru the undermentioned agencies: * Promulgation of Torahsthat progress democracy * Undertaking of reforms thru statute law * Abolition of bondage * Adoption of a broad fundamental law * Supplying the citizens the chance to suggest Torahs * Adoption of manhood right to vote and granting of political. economic and societal rights to the people * The ecclesiastical and civil governments so were non inclined to allow basic human rights to the Filipinos as it wil l be disadvantageous to the Spain’s colonial disposal of the Philippines fearing that it will actuate the Filipinos to work for independency and convey down the Regime. | The Industrial Revolution| Stearns et Al. 1991| * One of the most important developments in the nineteenth century was the Industrial revolution. | Industrial Revolution| * Refers to the transmutation of fabrication brought about by the innovation and usage of machines. | Positive Effects| * Rise of the mill system. * Mass production of indispensable and non-essential goods. * Improvement of people’s criterion of life. * Greater Urbanization of Society. * Beginnings of specialisation or division of labour. * Invention of labor-saving devices. * The beginning of industrial capitalist economy * Fostering of liberalism and patriotism. * Encouragement of people’s mobility. | Negative Effects| * Widening the spread between the rich and hapless * Unending economic warfare between labour and capital * Pollution and other environmental jobs * Get downing of kid and adult females labour * Intensification of imperialistic competition between and among industrialised states. | Doreen. 1991| * To work out th e immoralities created by the industrial system. different steps were proposed by concerned sectors of universe society. | Liberals| * Laissez-faire policy or government’s non-interference in the behavior of trade and concern has to be sustained for the uninterrupted enlargement of the economic system. | Socialists| * Assert that the authorities has to command critical industries and resources. * Necessary in advancing equality of chance and people’s public assistance in society. | Communists| * Suggest that all factors of production be owned and controlled by the authorities. * Equality can be achieved if societal categories are destroyed and absolutism of the labor is established. | The Progresss of Science| Consequences| * Everyday experience and countless scientists impressed the importance of scientific discipline on the heads of ordinary citizens. * As scientific discipline became more outstanding in popular thought. the philosophical deduction of scientific discipline spread to wide subdivisions of the population. Technical progresss led people to develop optimistic religion in man’s capableness to accomplish advancement. * The methods of scientific discipline acquired unrivaled prestigiousness after 1850. For many. the brotherhood of careful experiment and abstract theory was the lone path to the truth and nonsubjective world. | The Upsurge of Western Imperialism| Industrializing West| * In the nineteenth century. they entered the 3rd and most dynamic stage of its centuries-old-expansion into non-Western lands. | Consequences of Western Expansion| * The universe became in many ways a individual unit. * Diffused the thoughts and techniques of a extremely developed civilisation. Yet the west relied on force to suppress and govern and treated non-western people as racial inferiors. * Non-western elites launched national. anti-imperialist battle for self-respect. echt independency and modernisation. * Colonized people started to asseverate their right to self-government or the right to take the sort of authorities under which they would populate. | Optimism and Confidence in Progress| Chodorow et Al. 1994| * Optimism or faith in society and man’s ability to advancement was brought approximately by the promotion of scientific discipline. the coming of steam-powered industry and the spread of liberalism and socialism. | Marquis de Condorcet| * Summed the optimism of the century in his work Sketch for a Historical Picture of the Progress of the Human Mind. * Saw that â€Å"the strongest grounds for believing that nature has set no bound to realisation of our hopes† and foresaw â€Å"the abolishment of inequality between states. the advancement of equality within states and the true flawlessness of humanity. Progress was now independent of any power that might wish to hold it and will neer be reversed. †| Achievements| * Extension of human rights to many people * Promotion of higher instruction for work forces and adult females * Education for patriotism in schools * Investment in scientific discipline to function world * Improvement of public wel lness thru the constitution of legion infirmaries * Emergence of realistic literature. picturing the life of the clip | Chapter 3: Spain and the Philippines in the nineteenth Century Spain in the 19th Century|Zaide. 1994| * The nineteenth century was a disruptive century of political relations in Spanish history. * Frequent rise and autumn of ministries and fundamental laws. * Force to abandon the policy of mercantile system and adopted the individualistic policy. | Maguigad et Al. 2000| * To salvage the state from political disunity. the Spanish Crown worked out the canovite system or rotativism. | Canovite System or Rotativism| * The progressives and conservativists in Spain took bends in administrating the personal businesss of the state. | Mercantilism| * An economic philosophy based on the thought that a country’s wealth and power can be measured in footings of its stock of gold and Ag. | Romero et Al. 1978| * Spain was forced to abandon this policy on history of her felt need to follow the tendency of economic development in Europe and at the same clip velocity up the growing of her commercialism and trade. | Capino. 1977| * Spain’s acceptance of laissez-faire policy affected the Philippines in several ways. * Spain ended the Galleon Trade or the Manila-Acapulco trade in 1873. * This straight opened the Philippines to the universe commercialism * Ended the economic isolation of the Philippines from the remainder of the universe. * Created a in-between category imbued with civic bravery and personal independency which started the oppugning the maltreatments of the Spanish Regime. | The Philippines During Rizal’s Time| Consequences of the Spanish Conquest| * The Filipinos lost their hereditary lands on history of Spain’s establishment of the encomienda system. * Forced to accept Spanish civilization and faith. * This alteration was apparent in the administrative organisation of the state. societal construction and educational system of the Philippines and economic state of affairs in the nineteenth century. | Administrative Organization| Ministry of Colonies| * Thru this. the Spanish Crown was able to regulate the Philippines. | Governor-General| * Appointed by the Spanish sovereign * The caput of the Spanish colonial authorities in the state. *Represented the Crown in all governmental affairs. * Vice Royal Patron over spiritual personal businesss intending he could put up priests for ecclesiastical disposal of the parishes. * Commander in head of the colonial ground forces. * Chief executive of the colonial authorities. he was an ex-officio president of the Royal Audiencia. the Supreme Court in the Philippines during those times. * Had legislative powers. * Had the power of cumplase or the power to make up ones mind which jurisprudence or loyal edict should be implemented or disregarded in the settlement. | Actos Acordados| * Laws enacted by the governor-general. | Alcaldias| * The states during the Spanish Regime. * Divided into towns or Pueblo. | Alcalde Mayor or Provincial Mayor| * Each one headed a state who exe rcised executive and judicial maps. | Indulto de Commercio| * The provincial authorities was the most corrupt unit in local authorities so. owing to the privilege to prosecute in the monopolize trade called ______ . | Gobernadorcillo or Town Mayor| * Each one headed a Pueblo. * At first. he was elected by all married males. * Then. he was voted by 13 voters. chaired by the outgoing gobernadorcillo. * His chief duty was revenue enhancement aggregation. * To guarantee aggregation and remittal of these revenue enhancements. he was required to mortgage his belongingss to the authorities at the beginning of his term. | Romero et Al. 1978| * Each town was divided into barrios or barangays. | Cabeza de Barangay | * Headed a barangay. the smallest unit of authorities. * His map was to care of peace and order and aggregation of revenue enhancements and testimonials in the barangay. | Ayuntamiento| * City authorities during the Spanish Regime. * Governed by a cabildo or metropolis council com posed of a metropolis city manager ( alcalde en ordinario ) . councilors ( regidores ) . head constable ( aguacil city manager ) and a secretary ( escribano ) . | Spanish friar| * A cardinal figure in the local administrative set-up ( Schumacher. 1997 ) * Because of the brotherhood of the church and province in the Philippines. a rule upon which the Spanish colonial authorities in the state was founded. * Oversing representative of the Spanish authorities for all local personal businesss. * Practically the swayer of the town as he was the local school. wellness. prison. inspector and inspector of histories of the gobernadorcillos and cabeze de barangays. * His blessing was required in nose count lists. revenue enhancement lists. lists of ground forces draftees. and registry of births. deceases andmatrimonies. | Frailocracia| * Friars became more powerful and influential that even civil governments feared them. * Termed by Lopez Jaena. | Guardia Civil| * Another establishment feared in the Philippines. * Organized in1867. as a corps of native constabularies under the leading of Spanish officers for the intent of covering with criminals and renegades ( Maguigad et al. 2000 ) | Filibusteros| * Enemies of the authorities. | Erehes| * Enemies of the Catholic Church. |Audiencia Real| * Vested the judicial power of the authorities. * The Supreme Court during those times and the lower tribunals ( De Leon. 2000 ) . * Highest tribunal in the Philippines. * Besides served as a forum for settling of import issues on administration and an auditing bureau of the fundss of Spanish colonial disposal in the state. | Residencia| * The test of an surpassing governor-general to account for his Acts of the Apostless during his term of office of office. | Visitador| * Investigating officer to examine on ailments against the governor-general. he was non able to defy corruptness for his personal advantage. | Capino. 1977| * Another beginning of failing and maltreatment of Spanish authorities was the widespread merchandising of lower place to highest bidders. | The Social Structure of Filipino Society| Romero et Al. 1978| * Philippine society so was feudalistic as a effect of the encomienda system imposed by the colonisers. | polo Y servicio| * Forced labour to the authorities and the Catholic Chruch. | Limpieza de sangre| * Purity of Blood * The societal construction implemented by Spain was pyramidic due to the colonizer’s attachment to the doctrine†¦ ( Maguigad. 2000 ) . | Social Pyramid: | | Peninsulares| * Spaniards born in Spain. |Insulares| * Spaniards born in the Philippines. |Spanish and Chinese Mestizo| |Principalia| * Ruling category of native elites. |Indios| * Masses|Educational System|Failing of the Educational System: | * Over-emphasis on faith * Limited and irrelevant course of study * Obsolete schoolroom installations * Inadequate instructional stuff * Absence of academic freedom * Racial bias against the Filipinos in school. | Chapter 4: The Dawn of Filipino NationalismFusion of the Philippines Under Spanish Era|Reduccion Plan| * Implemented by Fr. Juan de Plasencia * Required the indigens to populate in the country near the church. | Results of the Reduccion Plan| * Spanish encomenderos found it easier to roll up revenue enhancements. * Transformed the Filipinos into law-abidding citizens. * The independency of the barangays was lost because of the resettlement of the indigens under the influence of the church. | Early Resistance to Spanish Rule| Rebellions caused by the desire to recover their lost freedom: | * Revolt of Raha Sulayman and Lakan Dula ( 1574 ) * Tondo Conspiracy ( 1587-1588 ) * Revolt of Malong ( 1660-1661 ) * Dagohoy’s Revolt ( 1744-1829 ) * Revolt of Diego Silang ( 1762-1763 ) * Revolt of Palaris ( 1762-1764 ) | Revolts caused by opposition to Spanish-imposed establishments: | * Magalat Revolt ( 1596 ) * Revolt of the Irrayas ( 1621 ) * Cagayan Revolt ( 1639 ) * Sumuroy Rebellion ( 1649-1650 ) * Maniago Revolt ( 1660 ) | Revolts caused by the agricultural agitation: | * Provinces of Batangas. Laguna. Cavite. Pampanga and Bulacan. | Rebellions caused by the desire to return to their native faith: | * Igorot Revolt ( 1601 ) * Tamblot Revolt ( 1621-1622 ) * Revolt of Lanab and Alababan ( 1625-1627 ) * Tapar Revolt ( 1663 ) * Revolt of Francisco Rivera ( 1718 ) * Revolt of Hermano Apolinario dela Cruz ( 1840-1841 ) * Revolt of the Muslims in Southern Philippines| Divide et Impera Policy| * Factor for the failure of the rebellions. * They failed to recognize that their common enemy was the Spanish| The Emergence of the Filipino Sense of Nationhood | Cause of the Development of Nationalism | * Opening of the Philippines to universe commercialism * Rise of clase media * Broad government of Carlos Ma. Dela Torre * Racial Discrimination * Secularization contention * Cavite Mutiny of 1872| The Opening of the Philippines to World Commerce| John Locke’s Theory of Revolution| * People can subvert a authorities that is non working for the good of the governed. | The Rise of Clase Media|Clase Media or New in-between class| * Can be traced to the prosperity of a comparatively little category of ladino and the principalia or governing elite who benefited from the gap of the state to foreign commercialism and trade. | Broad Regime of Carlos Ma. Dela Torre| Carlos Ma. Dela Torre| * Was appointed governor-general after the autumn of Queen Isabella and the victory of liberalism in Spain. * Encouraged the aspirations of the reformers and abolished the censoring of the imperativeness. * During his term. freedom of address and of the imperativeness as guaranteed by the Spanish Constitution were recognized. | Rafeal de Izquierdo| * Replaced Carlos Ma. Dela Torre * Boasted that he came to the Philippines with a cross on one manus and a blade on the other. | Racial Discrimination| Indios| * What the Spanish called the Filipinos * Means inferior race| Fray Miguel de Bustamante| * Portrayed the Filipino as an single with low mental ability. incapable of geting European instruction and fitted merely to work in the field and be given a carabao in his booklet called Si Tandang Basyong Macunat. | Secularization Controversy| Secularization of Parishes| * The transportation of the monitories established by regular Spanish clergy to Filipino laymans. | Fr. Pedro Pelaez| * An insulares. who rose to the place of vicar capitular of Manila in1861. * Led the battle against royal edicts turning secular parishes over to the mendicants. * Appealed to the Queen Isabella II for ecclesiastical equality between the Spanish habitues and Filipino laymans. | Fr. Burgos| * Continued the battle subsequently after the decease of Fr. Palaez. * He exerted all attempts to support the Filipino clergy from all the onslaughts by the Spanish habitues. * Applead to the Spanish queen that the Filipino priests the opportunity to turn out that they can be the Spanish habitues. | Cavite Mutiny of 1872| Sgt. La Madrid| * Lead a mutiny with Filipino soldiers in the armory of Cavite on the dark of January 20. 1872 brought about by Izquierdo’s abolishment of their freedom from testimonials and forced labour. | Rizal and the Cavite Mutiny of 1872| Execution of Gomburza| * When Rizal heard of the martyrdom of Gomburza when he was 11 old ages old. he changed his head of going a priest and go a Jesuit male parent and dedicated his life to revenge the victims of the Spanish authorities. |

Airline Industry Essays

Airline Industry Essays Airline Industry Essay Airline Industry Essay Many people assume winging is a reasonably new enterprise. However. although the first few old ages of the twentieth century were a hazardous clip for winging. it did be. It wasn’t until 1925 that winging became more common. This began when the Air Mail Act took topographic point. which enabled the station maestro to contract with private airliners to present mail. developing the air hose industry. Shortly after. the Air Commerce Act gave the Secretary of Commerce power to set up air passages. certify aircraft. license pilots. and issue and implement air traffic ordinances ( Harris. neodymium ) . Within ten old ages many modern twenty-four hours airliners such as United and American had emerged as great participants in this up and approaching industry. In 1938 the Civil Aeronautics Act was established making the Civil Aeronautics Board. This board’s two most important maps were finding airlines’ paths of travel and regulation monetary values for rider menus ( Harris. neodymium ) . The Federal Aviation Administration was created in 1958 to director and regulates safety operations and in 1978 the epoch of unencumbered free market competition would eventually take topographic point due to the Airline Deregulation Act. Airliners have come a long manner. With particular adjustments such as first category. nutrient and drink available. and frequently times even radio or telecasting. Often times. it is easy to happen a trade for tickets such as bundles. Some illustrations would be round a turn trips. or package trades on hotel suites. inclusive nutrient. and the trip back place. The Airline Industry Business theoretical account can be easy broken down into five theoretical accounts. First. the purchaser and 2nd is supplier power in the industry. Airbus and Boeing dominate the jetliner market. so it makes it difficult for other providers to hold a batch of power in the industry. ( Airline Economics. p. 14. 2010 ) . Different types of Carriers are demanded in the industry. depending on what it is used for. So. a batch of providers find it easy to acquire into the industry thanks to the purchasers. Competition from low-priced bearers such as Southwest Airlines tends to beef up purchaser power in the air hoses market. where United Airlines. for illustration. has a Mileage Plus strategy ( Airlines economics . p. 14. 2010 ) . A new entrant is something really hard to carry through within the air hose industry. New entrants can do it difficult because. by and large. a batch of established air hoses keep a monopoly over slots at most airdromes ( Airline Economics . p. 14. 2010 ) . Fourth. a good illustration of the Availability of Substitutes can be said to be boats. trains. or coachs. However. in today’s economic system with the oil monetary values sometimes winging evilly high. it is the best manner to go. and it’s a batch more clip salvaging. The concluding force is Competitive Rivalry. Highly competitory industries by and large earn low returns because the cost of competition is high. With a batch of disbursals being high today. different companies need to publicize so they’re non blowing seats. It is of import to retrieve that basically air hoses are a service industry. Airlines execute a service for their clients – transporting them and their properties ( or their merchandises. in the instance of lading clients ) from one point to another for an in agreement monetary value ( Airlines Economics . 2012 ) . Airlines vary greatly. From a individual aircraft transporting mail or lading. to a full-service international air hose many people depend on air hose services. However. it seems that it is the Low Cost Carriers which continue to turn and convey in the crowds. Most of the rider gross ( about 80 per centum ) comes from domestic travel. while 20 per centum comes from travel to and from finishs in other states ( Airlines Economics . 2012 ) . However. it is the frequent circulars. or the people who take more the 10 trips a twelvemonth. who take up a important part of air travel. While they merely account for 8 % out of the entire figure of riders in a given twelvemonth. they make up 40 % of the trips. Competition in the air hoses industry is strong. due in portion to the sheer size of rivals and the troubles in go outing the industry ( Datamonitor. p. 14. 2011 ) . Because the industry merchandise is so minimum. high sensitiveness is indispensable when sing pricing. Therefore. competition increases the more low cost bearers are in the market ; these companies are capable of viing more intensely. Competition is besides intensified where storage costs are high. Storage cost in this industry is tantamount to unsold seats on a flight. similar to unsold stock list in a fabrication industry ( Datamonitor. p. 22. 2011 ) . A deficiency of diverseness in the riders increases the demand for participants to utilize their individual nucleus concern to vie with. Competition in the U. S. air hose industry is assessed strong ( Datamonitor. p. 23. 2011 ) . Some of the major competition in this peculiar industry would include AMR corporation. Southwest airlines. and United Continental Holdings. Since 1978. the air hose industry has seen more than 180 bankruptcies ( Alukos. p. 1. 2012 ) . Currently. US Airways Group Inc. has decided to spouse with AMR in the thick of their bankruptcies. In making this. their hope is to minimise the sum of employees being laid away and set more money into creditor’s pockets. American Airlines has been at a competitory disadvantage for many old ages ( Corridore. p. 2. 2012 ) . In the last twosome of months pilots retiring have taken its toll. with 240 in September and October 2011. The companies hard currency balances rapidly drained out due to many lump-sum payouts. Oil monetary values have besides taken its toll on air hoses. top outing at its all-time high at $ 147. 27 a barrel. Since so. the cost per barrel has receded traveling down 58 % from the record high. However. it is thought to be possible for oil monetary values to mount. one time once more. over $ 100 a barrel over the following twelvemonth. reflecting the position of Corr idore that the oild market has once more become more volatile ( Corridore. p. 3. 2012 ) . Mentions Airline economic sciences. ( 2012 ) . Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. avjobs. com/history/airline-economics. asp ( Airline economic sciences. 2012 ) Harris. A. ( n. d. ) . The history of air hose industry. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //traveltips. usatoday. com/history-airline-industry-100074. hypertext markup language Airlines Industry Profile: the United States. ( 2011 ) . Airlines Industry Profile: United States. 1-42. Corridore. J. ( 2012. June 28 ) . Standard A ; poors air hoses. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. netadvantage. standardandpoors. com. ezproxy. ohiodominican. edu/NASApp/NetAdvantage/showIndustrySurvey. make? loadIndSurFromMenu=html Alukos. B. ( 2012. August 22 ) . We believe southwest is doing the right determination by buy backing its ain equity. . Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //library. morningstar. com. ezproxy. ohiodominican. edu/stock/stock-analyst-report? t=LUVÂ ®ion=USA A ; culture=en-US

Essay on American Government Part 2

Essay on American Government Part 2 Essay on American Government Part 2 Essay on American Government Part 2Essay on American Government Part 1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Clarence Thomas’ Grandfather’s Son is the story of his professional and personal development and experience of his rising to the Supreme Court juror, although the author focuses rather on interracial and personal issues than on his career achievements and work in the Supreme Court, which he almost omits to describe in his book.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Chapter 6 A Question of Will  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The author describes his departure from Monsanto and move to Maryland and his first impressions of his life in the State of Washington. The author describes his early experience of that life and reveals differences, which has experienced between his life before and after he moved to Washington.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At the same time, the author focuses on his work with Senator Danforth. Thomas was responsible for energy, environment and public work, but the work with the Senator helped him to acquire a valuable experience of working in the US government system.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In addition, the author has finally got time to reflect on racial issues and interracial relations.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Chapter 7 â€Å"Son, Stand Up†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The author reveals the first major publicity after his appointment to the position to lead EEOC. Thomas reveals concerns of Hispanics about his indifference to their interests that shows that minority groups did not stand on the common ground and they were concerned with advancement of their representatives to power.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Furthermore, he describes his experience of working in the EEOC and challenges the agency faced. For example, he reveals financial difficulties, which affected the performance of the EEOC substantially and how he dealt w ith those issues.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Moreover, the author reveals that he confronted rather hostile environment within the EEOC and top management of the agency, where the position of the Republicans was strong and where he, as a representative of a minority group, confronted biased and prejudiced attitude, which he had to change to lead the agency.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Chapter 8 Approaching the Bench  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thomas focuses his attention on the change of media coverage of his performance as the leader of the EEOC and positive feedback the Washington Post and other media have given him. In addition, he stresses the importance of such positive publicity, which allowed him to ‘approach the bench’ or, at least, helped him consistently in this regard.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On the other hand, the author reveals the fact that the positive feedback of media was not only due to his work and achievements but also and mainly because of the intention of the media to criticize his opponent and rival.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In addition, Thomas reveals his progress and close cooperation with Reid Detchon, who was writing speeches for the Vice President. Such cooperation gave Thomas an opportunity to communicate to the public problems African Americans face and key issues affecting interracial relations in the US.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At the same time, he started to consider options to continue his career and came across Mike Uhlmann. This encounter has opened the way for him to ‘approach the bench’ and the author reveals his concerns about such an opportunity and doubts whether he will be good in that position or not. Remarkably, the author uncovers the important role of Virginia in the decision making process concerning his further career because she gave him advices that helped him to take the final decision.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Chapter 9 Invitation to Lynching  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In this chapter, Thomas discusses false allegations compiled by Anita Hill concerning his sexual harassment attempts. The author describes his disturbance and shock, when he has learned from FBI agents the reason, why they called on him. The author describes in details his cooperation with FBI agents concerning the case and the detailed story of Anita’s employment as well as their relations, which were sheer professional ones. The chapter reveals the deep sense of frustration, which the author has experienced that made him to give such a metaphorical title of the chapter since the FBI investigation and allegations he has faced were similar to lynching for him. In addition, the case was apparently a threat for his further career development.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Chapter 10 Going to Meet the Man  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Thomas reveals his appeal to Senator Danforth as an opportunity to keep him from attacks of his opponents and rivals. The author is already aware of schemes and false allegations used by his opponents to weaken his position and simply to get rid of him. This is why he appeals to the Senator looking for support and protection from unfair methods of struggle against him. The author describes in details his speech, which he prepared to communicate to the public to reject all allegations and explain his position as well as the attack of his opponents. Remarkably, Virginia and Senator Danforth were the first ones, who has got acquainted with the speech.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Conclusion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, these chapters reveal the formative period in the career of Thomas from the moment he moved to Washington and started his career in the EEOC to his further promotion and approaching the bench that resulted into unfair meth ods of struggle against him.Quotes:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"The Washington Post was taking favorable notice of the changes I was making at EEOC – an unexpected switch after so many years of being raked over the coals in the media† – this quote shows the negative media coverage of his work in the past, which was probably determined by his racial background and his position of an outsider, and the change which was unexpected for him.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"A Hispanic critic claimed that I’d been â€Å"insensitive† to Hispanics during my time at the Department of Education† – this quote shows concerns of racial minorities about their representation in government agencies and public offices.

Inequality and Poverty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Inequality and Poverty - Essay Example Bishop and Amiel (2007) assert that there is poverty in the majority of the world nations and its people. However, it is not enough to blame people for such predicaments, claiming that they are lazy or made poor decisions which are responsible for their plight. The government has pursued some policies which hamper successful development. Causes of inequality and poverty are in doubt but are more and deeper causes of poverty which are less discussed. Behind the increased interconnectedness which is promised by globalization are practices, policies and global decisions. Such are influenced, formulated, or driven by the powerful and the rich, or rather can be leaders from rich countries and other global actors like institutions, influential people and multinational corporations. However, in the face of such external influences, the government of the poor nations and their people are powerless and as a result, few get wealthy, while the majority struggle with their poor lives. Most of th e people live on just a few dollars a day, and it does not matter if one lives in the wealthiest nations or poorest, one will still notice the high levels of inequality. The poor people have less access to health, education and other basic services that are important in their lives. Problems of disease, malnutrition, and hunger afflict the poor people in the society. Additionally, the poor people are also marginalized from the society and have little representation or voice in political and public debates, which makes it harder for them to escape from poverty. In contrast, the richer you are, the more likely you benefit from political and economic policies. The amount of money the world spends on financial and military bailouts and other areas which benefits the richer is compared to the amount that is spent to address the daily crisis of poverty and other related problems (Jenkins, 2007). The Cutbacks in education, social services and health around the world results for the adjustm ent structural policies by the World Bank and International Monetary Fund as conditions for repayment and loans. To add to this, developing governments are required to open their economies in order to compete with more established and powerful industrialized nations. To attract poor countries and investment, they have entered into a competition to find out who can provide cheaper resources, reduced wages, and attract investment. This has increased inequality and poverty for most people. To add to this, it also forms a backbone of what is we call globalization and as a result, it maintains the unequal historic rules of trade (Bishop & Amiel, 2007). Around the world, in poor or rich nations, poverty has always been present. In all most all nations, the inequality, meaning the gap between the poor and the rich is widening and quite high. The causes are also numerous, including bad government policy, exploitation by businesses and people with influence and power, lack of responsibility or a combination of such factors. Many individuals feel that the high levels of inequality affects the social cohesion, which leads to problems like violence and crime. Bishop and Amiel (2007) assert that inequality is often a measure of poverty that is usually relative. However, absolute poverty is also a matter of concern,

Management of Marketing Channels Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Management of Marketing Channels - Assignment Example They provide with special services like build-to-order that directly fulfil the demands from production at a low cost. Build-to-replenish and configure-to-order are also included. The company has an excellent supply chain management with low inventory levels that provide to its network spread over 30 countries across the world. Their supply chain management is extraordinarily efficient since it is backed by key performance drivers like inventory management, transportation management, information system and IT integrated systems to provide the right product at the right time and place. Their worldwide supply chain provides cost-effective services available to all. Reverse logistics is yet another innovation that backs their supply chain by pulling out damaged, obsolete or over-stocked products and redistributing them by using disposition management rules to maximize the original lifecycle of the product. Overall, Flextronics provides low cost products worldwide through a very efficien t and effective supply chain management system backed by logistics solutions for maximum customer satisfaction since satisfying the consumer is the primary priority of the company. Venture Corporation being the leader provides an excellent combination of manufacturing and delivering facilities

Three Days of Christmas Essay Example for Free

Three Days of Christmas Essay Mum asked me what I want for Christmas this year. A typical 15 year old girl like me would say new phone, clothes, money but no. You know what I want? I want a nice normal Christmas dinner at home with my dad, mum and two brothers. Like the American white Christmas’ you see on TV instead of the 4 days of Christmas down under. Christmas morning always goes to plan. We all wake up, the boys Tom and Max, especially early. The video camera comes out and dad automatically turns into a director. Smile for the camera† â€Å"No, the photo cannot happen there, the lightning is all wrong. † Tom, Max and Dad end up outside like usual testing out the new sports equipment. Mum and I sit at the kitchen window, sipping our coffee and making bets on how long the equipment will be used until thrown into the shed with all the other forgotten Christmas presents. Lunch is usually at Aunty Sue and Uncle Keith’s place with our overly peppy cousins. They live in Uncle Keith’s childhood house and so it’s dated back to the 1940’s. Their house is ancient. No air conditioner or heating and on a 39 degree Christmas day with a turkey cooking in the oven is equivalent to sitting in a sauna for 3 hours. Tea is at home with the people from lunch and some more other friends and relatives. Tea is a lot more fun and relaxed. I’m not sure if it’s because of the fact that I’m in my own house or that we get to go for a swim to cool off. It’s normally a late now with a lot of champagne bottles and hangovers the next morning. Boxing Day for my family is not about cleaning up the wrapping paper and empty packing but opening up more presents. Boxing Day is designated for my Dad’s side of the family and that’s where the family feuds usually start. My Uncle Sid and Nanna don’t get along too well. Both are strongly opinionated and both hate being wrong. First it starts with the food and then the Boxing Day Test and after that it is just anything and everything that they argue about. When the swear words start to come out, Uncle Sid’s wife Aunt Nelly, moves all the kids outside to the BBQ area. The next day we’re up early to take a lovely hour and a half drive to visit my great aunty and uncle, Kay and Frank. They never had kids so they lots of money saved up. They have just built a new house and it is absolutely beautiful with marble benches, 5 bedrooms, 3 bathrooms, 2 lounge rooms and a study. I love going to their house, not only to see it but because they spoil us rotten. Actually now that I think back on it, my 3 days of Christmas isn’t all that bad. As much as bouncing around from place to place annoys me, there are some pretty good advantages to it all. Even though I may gain 15 kilos after the 3 days but the food is mouth-watering and I don’t have the will power to stop myself. Of course 3 days of non-stop presents is nothing to complain about and being surrounded by my gorgeous family, my smile never leaves my lips. I might go change my wish list because who knows how long I have left with these wonderful people. I shouldn’t be taking the Christmas holidays for granted because I may be jealous of other families traditional Christmas’s but they may be jealous of my weird yet amazing 3 days of Christmas.